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Directed by Micho Rutare. With Sean Astin, Samaire Armstrong, Monet Mazur, Brendan Fehr. A husband and wife learn that the biological father of their adopted baby. BibMe Free Bibliography & Citation Maker - MLA, APA, Chicago, Harvard. United States war crimes are the violations of the laws and customs of war of which the United States Armed Forces are accused of committing since the signing of the. Watch breaking news videos, viral videos and original video clips on CNN.com.
Islamic terrorism - Wikipedia. Islamic terrorism, Islamist terrorism or radical Islamic terrorism is defined as any terrorist act, set of acts or campaign committed by groups or individuals who profess Islamic or Islamist motivations or goals.[1] Islamic terrorists justify their violent tactics through the interpretation of Quran and Hadith according to their own goals and intentions.[2][3]The highest numbers of incidents and fatalities caused by Islamic terrorism occur in Iraq, Afghanistan, Nigeria, Pakistan and Syria.[4] In 2.
Islamic extremist groups were responsible for 7. ISIS, Boko Haram, the Taliban and Al- Qaeda, according to the Global Terrorism Index 2. In recent decades, such incidents have occurred on a global scale, affecting not only Muslim- majority states in Africa and Asia, but also several countries within the European Union, Russia, Australia, Canada, Israel, India and the United States.
NASA astronaut and biochemist Peggy Whitson will return to Earth as the planet’s new record holder for longest time cumulatively spent on space by an American or a.
Such attacks have targeted Muslims and non- Muslims.[6] In a number of the worst- affected Muslim- majority regions, these terrorists have been met by armed, independent resistance groups,[7] state actors and their proxies, and elsewhere by condemnation coming from prominent Islamic figures.[8][9][1. The literal use of the phrase "Islamic terrorism" is disputed.
Such use in Western political speech has variously been called "counter- productive", "highly politicized, intellectually contestable" and "damaging to community relations".[1. However, others have referred to the refusal to use the term as an act of "self- deception", "full- blown censorship" and "intellectual dishonesty".[1. History[edit]Some Muslim commentators assert that extremism within Islam goes back to the 7th century to the Kharijites. From their essentially political position, they developed extreme doctrines that set them apart from both mainstream Sunni and Shi'a Muslims. The Kharijites were particularly noted for adopting a radical approach of Takfir, whereby they declared other Muslims to be unbelievers and therefore deemed them worthy of death.[1.
Motivations of Islamic terrorism[edit]The Global Terrorism Index report of 2. September 1. 1, 2. Deaths from terrorism have increased dramatically over the last 1. The number of people who have died from terrorist activity has increased ninefold since the year 2. Citizenship issues[edit]Since the 1.
Muslim immigrants have emigrated to western countries in large numbers because fellow Muslim countries that are well- off economically and socially do not accept them. Out of the 5. 7 Muslim majority countries, only two nations (Turkey and Malaysia) offer a formal path for immigrants to become naturalized citizens, regardless of birthplace, religious beliefs, marital status or ethnic origin. Even the oil- rich Gulf states do not grant citizenship to immigrants, regardless of how long they have resided in those countries. To make matters more difficult, Gulf states have stringent laws which explicitly state that an immigrant or expat can become a citizen only if his/her father was a citizen or, in some cases, if an expat woman marries an Arab national. Watch October Sky Putlocker#.
These laws make it almost impossible for expats (both Muslim and non- Muslim) to gain citizenship.[1. In 2. 01. 4, the self- appointed Caliph. Abu Bakr al- Baghdadi, the leader of the unrecognised Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant, took advantage of this resentment among some Muslims living in other Arab states and urged those Muslims to emigrate to the new Islamic state.[2. ISIS, also known as "The Islamic State", promised all Muslim immigrants "citizenship" immediately upon arrival. They even went as far as issuing "Caliphate Passports" to the newly arrived immigrants.[2. Economic motivations[edit]The Muslim world has been afflicted with economic stagnation for many centuries.[2. In 2. 01. 1, U. S.
President Barack Obama stated that apart from crude oil, the exports of the entire Greater Middle East with its 4. Switzerland.[2. 4] It has also been estimated that the exports of Finland, a European country of only five million, exceeded those of the entire 3. Arab world, excluding oil and natural gas.[2.
This economic stagnation is argued by historian David Fromkin in his work A Peace to End All Peace to have commenced with the demise of the Ottoman Empire in 1. Although the Ottoman Empire was referred to as the Sick man of Europe, the parts of the Middle East under Ottoman rule still had a diverse and steady growing economy with more general prosperity.[2. Identity- based frameworks for analyzing Islamist- based terrorism[edit]Islamist- based fundamentalist terrorism against Western nations and the U. S. in particular, has numerous motivations and takes place the larger context of a complex and tense relationship between the 'West' and the Arab and Muslim 'world,'[2.
Islamic terrorism. Identity- based theoretical frameworks, including theories of social identity, social categorization theory, and psychodynamics are used to explain the reasons terrorism occurs.[2. Social identity is explained by Karina Korostelina as a "feeling of belonging to a social group, as a strong connection with social category, and as an important part of our mind that affects our social perceptions and behavior"[2. This definition can be applied to the case of Osama bin Laden, who, according to this theory, had a highly salient perception of his social identity as a Muslim, a strong connection to the social category of the Muslim Ummah or 'community,' which affect his social perceptions and behaviors.[3.
Bin Laden's ideology and interpretation of Islam led to the creation of al- Qaeda in response to perceived threats against the Muslim community by the Soviet Union, the U. S. in particular due to its troop presence in Saudi Arabia, and American support for Israel.[3. The Islamist terrorist group al- Qaeda has a group identity, which includes "shared experiences, attitudes, beliefs, and interests of in- group members", and is "described through the achievement of a collective aim for which this group has been created",[3. Muslim countries, and the creation of a new Islamic caliphate". Social categorization theory has been discussed as a three- stage process of identification, where "individuals define themselves as members of a social group, learn the stereotypes and norms of the group, and group categories influence the perception and understanding of all situations in a particular context"[2. This definition can be applied to the U. S.- led war on terror, in which conflict features such as the phenomenon of Anti- Americanism[3.
Arab countries like Iran and Afghanistan lending support to Islamist- based terrorism by funding or harboring terrorist groups such as Hezbollah[3. Qaeda[3. 5] against Western nations, particularly Israel[3.
United States[3. 7] are, according to social categorization theory, influenced by a three- stage process of identification. In this three- stage process of identification, the Arab and Muslim world(s) are the social group(s), in which their members learn stereotypes and norms which categorize their social group vis- à- vis the West.[3. This social categorization process creates feelings of high- level in- group support and allegiance among Arabs and Muslims and the particular context within which members of the Arab and Muslim world(s) social group(s) understand all situations that involve the West. Social categorization theory as a framework for analysis indicates causal relationships between group identification processes and features of conflict situations.[3.
Ideology[edit]One ideology that plays a role in terrorism by using the name of Islam, is Wahabism.[4. Wahabism and its allies including Salafism (Salafi jihadism) supports war against any one and every one who is not like them.
Watch Record- Setting NASA Astronaut Peggy Whitson Return to Earth Tonight. NASA astronaut and biochemist Peggy Whitson will return to Earth as the planet’s new record holder for longest time cumulatively spent on space by an American or a woman this weekend, touching down in a Russian Soyuz capsule in Kazakhstan at 7: 2. Eastern). Whitson has spent the last nine and a half months in Earth orbit on the International Space Station, per the Washington Post, and counting her previous flights, will have logged 6. During her current mission, she also set the world record for oldest woman in space at 5. As the Post noted, she is also the only female astronaut to have commanded the ISS twice.
According to the Post, one of the colleagues returning with her has spent even longer in the aether: Russian cosmonaut Fyodor Yurchikhin, who has cumulatively spent eight more days aloft than Whitson at 6. The current world record holder, cosmonaut Gennady Padalka, spent some 8. Russians have long dominated both cumulative and single- flight durations in space; the single longest spaceflight record holder is Valeri Polyakov, who spent just short of 4. As Tech. Crunch noted, Whitson was scheduled to return in June but “happily accepted” an invitation to stay on the ISS longer when Russian space agency Roscosmos canceled a joint mission to the station earlier in 2. Also accompanying Whitson and Yurchikhin on their way home is US astronaut Jack Fischer, who will have spent 1. Whitson wrote she will “hugely miss the freedom of floating and moving with the lightest of touch, especially those first few days after my return when gravity will especially SUCK,” the Post reported. She will also miss “the enchantingly peaceful limb of our Earth,” adding, “Until the end of my days, my eyes will search the horizon to see that curve.” Watch Whitson, Yurchikhin and Fischer’s return in real time via NASA’s live feed below.[Tech.